If you want to know your mysql database default character set then use this
query
SELECT DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA S WHERE schema_name="DATABASE_NAME";
Output:
+----------------------------+
| DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME |
+----------------------------+
| latin1 |
+----------------------------+
Get Table database default character set using this query
SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T,
information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation AND T.table_schema = "DATABASE_NAME" AND T.table_name = "TABLE_NAME";
Output:
+--------------------+
| character_set_name |
+--------------------+
| latin1 |
+--------------------+
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